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Ulm-ul-Qur’an

An Introduction to the Science of the Qur’an

(How to Study and Understand the Quran)

By:

Dr. Hasanuddin Ahmed, I.A.S.

Annexure – 5

QUR’ANIC WORDS OF NON ARABIC ORIGIN:

1.	Abaariiqa	اباريق	56:18	Persian. From a’ab -riz meaning flow of water.
2.	‘Araaa-‘ik	ارآئك	18:31, 36:56, 76:13, 83:23 83:35.	Ethipoic 1
3.	‘Istabraq	استبرق	18:31, 44:53, 55:54, 76:21.	Persian
4.	Uqqitat	اقتت	77:11	Kananian
5.	Amr	امر	65:05	Amr in Arabic is from the same root as the Hebrew memra, which corresponds to the Greek Logos or word. It is used in two senses of a ‘command’ ‘decree’ and of a ‘matter’ or ‘affair’. Though a genuinely Arabic word, it seems to have arisen from the Targumici.2
6.	Injiil	انجيل	03:03	From Greek Evangel. Whether it entered Arabic from Syriac or Ethiopic has been debated but the Ethiopic ‘Wangel’ has a long vowel like Injil and this suggests that the moral was brought over by Abyssinian Christians and it was probably in widespread use in Arabic before the advent of Islam.
7.	Awwaab	اواب	38:17,19,30,44, 50:32	Ethiopic
8.	Al-Akhirat Wal uulaa	الاخرة والاولي	79:25	Coptic
9.	Awwaahun	اواه	9:114	Ethiopic
10.	Ba-isa	بئيس	7:165	Ghassan ba-iisim
11.	Bataaa’ inuhaa	بطائن	55:54	Coptic
12.	Baiir	بعير	12:65	Hebrew
13.	Ba’-la	بعلا	37:125	Yemen
14.	Ibliis	ابليس	02:34, 07:11, etc. (11 times).	Semitic. According to G.L. it is Greek meaning liar and Slanderer (backbiter).
15.	Buuraa	بورا	25:18 48:12	Amman Syrian
16.	Tannuru	تنور	11:40, 23:27
17.	Jibti	جبت	04:51	Ethiopic
18.	Jabbaar	جبار	50:45, 59:23	Hameer
19.	Jibriila	جبريل	02:97, 66:4, 2:98	Ibri
20.	Jizia	جزية	09:29	Persian
21.	Jahannam	جهنم	2:206, 03:12, 98:06, (77 times)	Hebrew, Hanam valley was a place where men were burnt alive. According to A.S. Tritton it is Hebrew possibly by way of Ethiopic.
22.	Jaasuu	جاسوا	17:05
23.	Hubuk	حبك	51:07	Joorham
24.	Husbaanan	حسبانا	18:40	Hameer
25.	Hittatun	حطة	02:58	Ibri
26.	Haniifaa	حنيفا	02:135	Syriac. From Hanapa meaning heathen (neither Jewish nor Christian. It was the name given to those Arabs who had disowned idolatory.
27.	Ahtanikanna	احتنكن	17:62	Assyrian
28.	Huuban	حوبا	04:02	Syrian
29.	Hawaariyyuuna	حواريون	03:52, 61:14	Ethiopic, according to G.L., Baidawi and others. “thought that it was an Arabic word meaning he who wears white clothes”. They said that the followers of Jesus were so named owing to the purity of their minds. This word is used only for disciples of Jesus. Jeffery is of the opinion that the word was already current in Arabia before the advent of Islam.
30.	Khalaaq	خلاق	02:102, 02:200
31.	Khamri	خمر	02:219
32.	Dabi	دأب	03:11	Joorham
33.	Daraahima	دراهم	12:20	Persian
34.	Diinaar	دينار	03:75	Latin / Persian
35.	Zanubi	ذنوب	51:59	Hazil
36.	Marjuwwan	مرجوا	11:62	Hameer
37.	Rabbi	رب	05:25	Aramaic. The word Rabb is not in use for God in Hebrew. In Aramaic it is said to be so used by the Mandaeans.1
38.	Rahwaa	رهوا	44:24	Coptic
39.	Zaraabiyyu	زرابي	88:16	Ethiopic
40.	Yuzakki	يزكي	04:49, 24:21	Ibri
41.	Zakaat	زكوة	2:43, 83, (32 times) 23:04	Syrian / Aramaic
42.	Zanjabiilaa	زنجبيلا	76: 17	Greek (G. L.) Persian Earlier Scholars.
43.	Sijilli	سجل	21:104	Ethiopic/Persian
44.	Sijjiil	سجيل	11:82, 15:74, 105:04	Persian (Combination and Arabicized form of sang wo gil)2
45.	Siraajaa	سراجا	71:16	Persian (Suraj in Sanskrit)
46.	Suraadiquhaa	سرادقها	18:29	Persian
47.	Asfaaraa	اسفارا	62:05	Kanan
48.	Safarah	سفرة	80:15	Coptic
49.	Saqar	سقر	54:48, 74:26, 74:27	Aramaic
50.	Sakara	سكرا	16:67	Ethiopic
51.	Islaam	اسلام	3:19, 09:74	Ibri
52.	Sundusin	سندس	44:53,76:21	(All the three times used with Istabreq. Greek (G. L.) Persian.
53.	Sayyida	سيد	12:25	Coptic
54.	Siiniina	سينين	95:02	Ethiopic*
55.	Shaytaan	شيطان	02:36, 2:208, etc(68times)	Hebrew
56.	Mishkaatin	مشكوة	24:35	Ethiopic*
57.	Siraat	صراط	1:5,6	Lantin (G. L.)
58.	Salawaat	صلوت	2:157, 22:40	Ibri/Aramaic
59.	Asaab	اصاب	38:36
60.	Suwaa	صواع	12:72	Hameer
61.	Taghuut,	طغوت	2:256, 2:257 04:51, 4:76 05:60, 16:36, 39:17, (8 times)	Ethiopic (Earlier Scholars)/Aramaic
62.	Tafiqa	طفق	38:33	Ghassan
63.	Taahaa	طه	20:01	Makki and Ethiopic*
64.	Tuur	طور	02:63, 52:01	Syriac
65.	Taaba	طاب	04:03	Hameer
66.	Tuuba	طوبى	13:29	Aramaic
67.	Aalamiin	علمين	01:01	Aramaic. It is not possible to determine whether it is from Jewish or Christian source. 1
68.	Ijlan	عجلا	20:88	Hameer
69.	Adnin	عدن	09:72, 13:23, 16:31, 18:31, 19:61, 20:76, 35:33, 38:50, 40:08, 61:12, 98:08,	Aramaic
70.	Azamu	عزموا	2:227	Hazeel
71.	A’naabin	اعناب	06:99, 23:19 8 times	Yemen
72.	Anata	عنت	04:25	Hazeel
73.	Iisaa	عيسى	03:55 etc., (25 times)	Syriac. Isa came from Syriac Yeshu which derived it from the Hebrew Yeshua.1 Al-Baidawi dismissed fanciful effort at providing an etymology for Isa such as one which would derive it from Ayasun which means white with a shade of red. According to him it was Arabicized from Ishu from Syriac Yeshu.2
74.	Gisliin	غسلين	69:36
75.	Firdaws	فردوس	23:11, 18:107	Persian, Coptic. According to Rafael Nakhala Greek. According to earlier scholars it is Roman meaning garden.
76.	Tufanni-duun	تفندون	12:94
77.	Iqaraa	اقرأ	96:01,3	Ibri
78.	Qist	قسط	03:18 etc., (15 times)	Aramaic (G.L.) / Roman.
79.	Qistass	قسطاس	17:35, 26:182	Greek
80.	Maqaalid	مقاليد	39:63, 42:12	Persian
81.	Qalami	قلم	68:01	Greek. Arabs not only got the instrument of writing from the Greek but its name also was adopted from the Greek Qalimus.
82.	Kaafuuraa	كافورا	76:05	Persian (According to earlier scholars Greek (G.L.)
83.	Kuwwirat	كورت	81:01	Persian (ghuviratu)
84.	Lafiifaa	لفيفا	17:104	Jurham
85.	Maryam	مريم	02:87 etc., (34 times)	Hebrew
86.	Al-Masiihu	مسيح	05:75	Syriac. In Lisan this word is shown from the root SAH. Zamakshari and Baidawi pointed out that Masih was a foreign word. Origin of Masih is ultimately Hebrew through the Syriac, but it seems to have been well known in north and south Arabia in pre Islamic times.
87.	Misk	مسك	83:26	Persian
88.	Ma’ana	معنا	9:40 etc., (6 times)	Ibri
89.	Malakuut	ملكوت	06:75, 07:185 23:88, 36:83	Aramaic
90.	Manna-was- Salwaa	من و سلوى	02:57	Hebrew
91.	Miikaala	ميكال	02:98	Ibri, Meghalaya (Sanskrit)
92.	Nabuwa	نبوّه	03:79	Syriac; Aramaic. Arabic Nabi is the same as Hebrew Nabi and came through Syriac and Aramaic. It seems to have been known to the Arabs long before Islam.
93.	Nasaara	نصرى	02:62 etc., (14 times)	Syriac. It is probable that Nasaara Originated from the titled Nazarene. In Syriac Christians were called Nasaraye and this spread into parts of the eastern empires and was applied exclusively to Christians.1 The word occurred in early Arabic poetry. The Mandaeans called themselves Nasari and called Christians Mashihia, followers of the Messiah.1
94.	Haytalak	هيت لك	12:23	Arabicised from Herbew Hitalikh.
95.	Waraaaihi	ورائه	14:16
96.	Yajuuj-Majuuj	ياجوج ماجوج	18:94	Persian Ibria (Gog-Magog).
97.	Yaisa	يئس	60:13, 5:3
98.	Yaaquut	ياقوت	55:58	Persian
99.	Yahyaa	يحيى	06:85, 3:39, 19:7,12, 21:90	Syriac, John the Baptist is called Yahya in the Qur’an. Some commentators said it came from Arabic meaning to quicken as Yahya quickened his mother’s barrenness and his people’s faith. But according to Baidawi it was of foreign origin. Perhaps Syriac Yohannan was naturalized among the early Arabs.[1]
100.	Yaasiiin	يس	36:01	Ethiopian*
101.	Al-Yamm	اليم	07:136, 20:39, , 20:78 20:97, 28:07, 28:40, 51:40	Aramaic. According to earlier scholars this word is used in Syrian for sea.
102.	Gassaaqaa	غساقا	78:25	Turkish
103.	Kiflayni	كفلين	57:28	Abyssinian